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Vývoj elektrochemického detektoru pro monitorování těžkých kovů
Koudelková, Zuzana
The aim of this dissertation thesis "Development of electrochemical detector for heavy metal monitoring" was to create sensible sensors for the determination of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem and which would be usable for real applications, determination of the content of various metals in waste industrial waters. For the simultaneous determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II), a carbon paste electrode modified with chromium oxide was developed, based on this modification were produced the screen printed electrodes for the simultaneous determination of said metals with good limit of detection. For the usability of printed sensors in situ, a new electrochemical cell design was designed. This proposed cell also facilitates dosing of samples and buffer necessary for electrochemical analysis. Further, for determination of the total chromium content in aqueous solutions, was introduced a new method using a silver film on a glassy carbon electrode. Finally, various methods for waste water treatment from heavy metals have been tested.
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Možnosti využití vybraných bezobratlých v odpadovém hospodářství
Žáková, Markéta
Biodegradable waste (BDW) is most commonly processed by composting or anaerobic fermentation, but its composition is not always suitable for these procedures. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation thesis was to find out what possibilities and consequences of using Stratiomyidae Hermetia illucens (HI) in the waste management of the Czech Republic are. In order to meet the objectives of this thesis a total of 14 different types of waste has been selected. Plant tissue waste, kitchen waste, waste from soup kitchens, manure, poor quality and culled municipal biodegradable waste were found as the best types of waste for being reduced by HI larvae. Furthermore, it was found that Californian earthworm are more suitable for producing fertilizers, conversely HI are suitable for reducing BDW. The most favourable conditions for HI so that they are able to reduce waste are enclosed spaces with appropriate air temperatures. Presence of bacteria Salmonella was not detected in accordance with ČSN EN ISO 6579 in the reduced substrate. When measuring the concentration of heavy metals in larvae, in the input BDW, the remaining substrate and the larvae after consumption BDW and determining the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for larvae HI fed by individual types of BDW, it was found that larvae that would be potential feed for livestock or hobby animals from the perspective of heavy metal content, would have to be fed by plant tissue waste or garden waste. The accumulation of antimony and cadmium occur particularly in larvae fed by separates from biogas plant (BPS), garden waste, plant material and poultry droppings. The final recommendation is to include HI larvae into the waste management system of the Czech republic, although in enclosed spaces.
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Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization for characterization of higher molecular thiols in biological samples
Merlos Rodrigo, Miguel Ángel
Among the heavy metal-binding ligands in cells the phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs) are the best characterized. PCs and MTs are different classes of cysteine-rich, heavy metal-binding molecules. PCs are enzymatically synthesized peptides, whereas MTs are gene-encoded polypeptides. Several analytical methods have been used to analyze PCs, MTs and complexes of metal in different studies. Today, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS) is renowned for its extreme ease of operation and requirement of inexpensive matrices for preparation of sample; more importantly, the instrumentation is capable to be fully automated. In this study, the optimal condition for the characterization of PC2 and Cd-PC2 complex by MALDI-TOF MS was determined. The human MT2A and MT3 genes were expressed in heterologous organisms (Escherichia coli) by cloning. Further, MT2 protein was isolated from rabbit liver. MTs were purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The present study demonstrates analytical approaches of employing MALDI-TOF MS for characterization MTs. Other electrochemical methods were used for confirmation of thiols complexes with metal. Moreover, easy-touse instruments for MTs isolation, coupled with simple analytical detection method in fully automatic mode, providing prototype for the construction of sensor was designed
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Vývoj elektrochemických metod využívajících nanotechnologie pro environmentální mobilní detekční systémy
Kudr, Jiří
During the 21st century, pollution of environment was steadily increasing. Continuous monitoring of pollutants levels represents important part of effective environment protection. Demands for fast analysis of a large numbers of samples caused introduction of automation to analytical chemistry. Techniques based on flow analysis attracted big attention. They are able to decrease need for manual treatment of samples and decrease analysis duration. The advantage of flow-based analytical devices is also compatibility with several detection systems. Among others, electrochemical detectors are very attractive due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity and possibility of miniaturization. The presented thesis focuses on methods for detection of heavy metal and bacterial contamination. In order to it, electrochemical automatized methods and methods which utilized nanotechnology were developed.
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